Brazil is in the midst of a massive corruption scandal, which has implicated the current president, four former presidents, at least 50 members of Congress and thousands of politicians in ongoing bribery investigations. The scandal, coming just a year after the impeachment of former President Dilma Rousseff, furthers a crisis in which hardly any political leadership remains untouched by corruption allegations. The resulting political environment has mixed implications for indigenous peoples. Positively, the investigation has highlighted corruption in government and in the agribusiness, extractive and infrastructure construction sectors where transparency is important for indigenous rights. But in the short term, attacks on indigenous rights appear to be accelerating. There is a real risk that amidst the political distractions, the National Congress will enact legislation which has serious long-term consequences for indigenous land rights.