n 1984, concerned North Sumatran citizens and churchgoers anticipated the impending arrival of industry onto Batak land. They discussed their concern—will we go down in history as just another casualty of development? Leaning into hope, they founded KSPH, our precursor, an organization that gave legal education to Toba Batak people, empowering them to stand up against policies that violate their rights, especially their rights to their land.
